{"id":81624,"date":"2026-01-29T10:00:35","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T09:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/?p=81624"},"modified":"2026-01-28T11:40:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T10:40:29","slug":"espana-hace-dos-dias-50-anos-del-fin-del-trabajo-infantil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/?p=81624","title":{"rendered":"Espa\u00f1a hace dos d\u00edas&#8230; 50 a\u00f1os del fin del trabajo infantil"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"xl-a xl-a--d xl-a--d-s xl-a--d-s-b\">\n<div class=\"xl-a-inf-c-e \">\n<div class=\"xl-a-inf-c-e__t-sec\">\n<h3 class=\"xl-a-t-nd\">Empujar vagonetas en la mina, limpiar m\u00e1quinas de hilar, cargar cemento&#8230; Lo han hecho ni\u00f1os espa\u00f1oles hasta hace muy poco. En 1976 se estableci\u00f3 la edad m\u00ednima para trabajar en 16 a\u00f1os. Durante d\u00e9cadas, chiquillos incluso menores de 10 a\u00f1os sufrieron jornadas agotadoras en condiciones terribles. Los recordamos<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"xl-c xl-c--s\">\n<div class=\"xl-d xl-d--abc xl-d--spl\">\n<div class=\"row vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/Nino-red-de-pesca-scaled.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">Largas jornadas<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">Casi un tercio de los ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as de entre 10 y 14 a\u00f1os trabajaban en 1857 en puertos pesqueros gallegos. A menudo prolongaban las jornadas laborales combinando las tareas de pesca con trabajos en la industria de la salaz\u00f3n. Todav\u00eda quedan decenas de pa\u00edses en el mundo donde el<span class=\"paywall\" data-mrf-recirculation=\"Link art\u00edculos\"> trabajo infantil es legal (Hait\u00ed, Nepal, Banglad\u00e9s y Bolivia, entre otros). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<aside class=\"voc-advertising voc-advertising--layer-inpage voc-advertising--only-lg\">\n<div class=\"voc-advertising__item voc-advertising__item--layer-inpage\">\n<div id=\"layer_inpage-id\" data-voc-vam=\"\" data-voc-vam-position=\"layer_inpage\" data-google-query-id=\"CNmN4dvDppIDFWf-DQkdKvEIpQ\" data-voc-vam-displayed=\"true\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/4900\/vocento.xlsemanal\/ideal_2__container__\"><iframe id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/4900\/vocento.xlsemanal\/ideal_2\" tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Contenido de anuncios de terceros\" name=\"google_ads_iframe_\/4900\/vocento.xlsemanal\/ideal_2\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" aria-label=\"Anuncio\" data-google-container-id=\"3\" data-load-complete=\"true\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/Ninas-lavando-en-el-rio-scaled.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">La ley no lo fren\u00f3<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">De la Primera Rep\u00fablica es la primera ley para regular el trabajo de los ni\u00f1os. La ley Benot, de 1873, prohib\u00eda el trabajo a menores de 10 a\u00f1os, limitaba la jornada laboral y vetaba el trabajo nocturno para ellos. Pero se aplic\u00f3 poco. Aqu\u00ed, ni\u00f1as lavando en 1912. | <em>Foto: Miguel Rojo Borbolla<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/Ninos-en-siderurgica.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">Esclavitud infantil<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">Unos 150 millones de ni\u00f1os trabajan ahora en el mundo. Lo asegura un informe de la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del Trabajo. Reciben menos salario (las ni\u00f1as a\u00fan menos que los ni\u00f1os) y son las primeras v\u00edctimas de los accidentes laborales. En esta foto, aprendices en un taller de una empresa sider\u00fargica en 1920.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> | <em>Foto: Constantino Su\u00e1rez<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/NIno-albanil.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">En la obra<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">El ni\u00f1o de esta imagen trabaja en la construcci\u00f3n en el a\u00f1o 1948. Hasta 1995 a\u00fan hab\u00eda ni\u00f1os empleados en la construcci\u00f3n en nuestro pa\u00eds: unos 50.000 seg\u00fan el informe del sindicato UGT El trabajo infantil en Espa\u00f1a, que cifraba en 700.000 el n\u00famero de trabajadores menores de edad.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> | <em>Foto: Valent\u00edn Vega<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/NInos-mineros.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">Condiciones terribles<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">Los ni\u00f1os trabajaron en las minas de Murcia, Asturias, Almer\u00eda y R\u00edo Tinto desde mediados del siglo XIX. Se ocupaban del lavado de mineral, acarreo de espuertas, transporte de agua y herramientas, trabajos en escombreras&#8230; En el interior hac\u00edan labores de arrastre, apertura y limpieza de galer\u00edas, transporte de vagonetas&#8230; Las condiciones eran terribles. Aqu\u00ed, mineros en Mieres, en 1910.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0| <em>Foto: Valent\u00edn Vega<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/Ninos-lustrabotas-scaled.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">i\u00f1os sin porvenir<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">\u00abQuitar al ni\u00f1o la educaci\u00f3n para darle trabajo es arrebatarle el porvenir\u00bb. Lo denunci\u00f3 en 1861 Concepci\u00f3n Arenal, una de las pioneras en defensa de la infancia. Hubo regulaciones, pero se esquivaban: los ni\u00f1os ment\u00edan con la edad y los empleadores<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>hac\u00edan la vista gorda. Hab\u00eda pocas inspecciones. Aqu\u00ed, limpiabotas en 1949. <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> | <em>Foto: Valent\u00edn Vega<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/Ninos-vende-prensa-scaled.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">Descanso dominical<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">En 1904, la Ley de Protecci\u00f3n a la Infancia estableci\u00f3 que el trabajo infantil no deb\u00eda superar las once horas diarias y fija el descanso dominical obligatorio. Pero se incumpl\u00eda. La edad a partir de la que se puede trabajar en Espa\u00f1a (16 a\u00f1os) la fij\u00f3 la Ley de Relaciones Laborales de 1976. La Constituci\u00f3n de 1978 reforz\u00f3 su tutela al proteger sus derechos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/Ninos-con-carretilla-scaled.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">1 peseta por 7 arrobas<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">La escritora Elena Fort\u00fan entrevist\u00f3 a ni\u00f1os trabajadores en 1930 y 1931, como los traperos Domingo y Juanita, de 11 y 9 a\u00f1os. Arrancaban a las cinco de la ma\u00f1ana a recoger basura. A las nueve volv\u00edan con el burro cargado. Separaban el papel de lo dem\u00e1s. \u00abPor siete arrobas (80,5 kilos) de papel recogido nos dan 1 peseta\u00bb, contaban. En esta foto, ni\u00f1os en una obra en 1948.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> | <em>Foto: Valent\u00edn Vega<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp voc-detail__cmp--full\">\n<div class=\"voc-gallery-component size-L\">\n<div class=\"voc-multimedia-photo voc-multimedia-photo--L\">\n<div class=\"voc-article\">\n<div class=\"voc-img-container\"><picture> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/01\/Ninos-cargan-en-vias.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alternative text\" \/> <\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list\">\n<div class=\"voc-detail-list__container voc-detail-list__container--bdr-left \">\n<h3 class=\"voc-detail-list__title \">Los ni\u00f1os de humo<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"voc-paragraph\">En las cuencas mineras asturianas hab\u00eda ni\u00f1os trabajando de forma habitual hasta bien avanzado el siglo XX, como este grupo de menores recogiendo carb\u00f3n en las v\u00edas del tren en Asturias en 1945. A estos ni\u00f1os, cuentan, se los reconoc\u00eda cuando sal\u00edan de su pueblo porque ol\u00edan a humo, lo que tambi\u00e9n los estigmatizaba. <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">| <em>Foto: Valent\u00edn Vega<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"voc-detail__cmp\">\n<div class=\"voc-file-detail\">\n<header class=\"voc-file-detail__header\"><\/header>\n<div class=\"voc-file-detail__container\">\n<div class=\"voc-file-detail__info-file\"><span class=\"voc-file-detail__text-title\">Las fotos de este reportaje pertenecen a la Colecci\u00f3n del Mus\u00e9u del Pueblu d\u2019Asturies.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"xl-mdl-ath__c xl-mdl-ath__c--1\">\n<h3 class=\"xl-mdl-ath__p xl-mdl-ath__p--2\"><a class=\"xl-mdl-ath__a 2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ideal.es\/xlsemanal\/autor\/fatimauribarrib\">F\u00e1tima Uribarri<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"xl-mdl-ath__c xl-mdl-ath__c--2\">\n<div class=\"xl-mdl-ath__inf\">\n<p class=\"xl-mdl-ath__p xl-mdl-ath__p--3\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Empujar vagonetas en la mina, limpiar m\u00e1quinas de hilar, cargar cemento&#8230; Lo han hecho ni\u00f1os&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1161,44,6937],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciudadania","category-noticias-de-hoy","category-sociedad"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/miradordeatarfe.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Ninos-cargan-en-vias.jpg?fit=984%2C656&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=81624"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81627,"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81624\/revisions\/81627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/81626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=81624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=81624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miradordeatarfe.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=81624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}